रविवार, 23 सितंबर 2018

Max Muller Letters

Max Muller destroyed the roots of India beyond imagination and harming us even today.


16APR2015

Max Müller was a British agent, especially employed (in 1847) to write the translations of the Vedas in such a demeaning way so that the Hindus should lose faith in them. His personal letters reveals this fact.
He was highly paid for this job. According to the statistical information given on page 214 of the “English Education, 1798-1902” by John William Adamson, printed by Cambridge University Press in 1930, the revised scale of a male teacher was £90 per year and for a woman, £60 in 1853. The present salary of a teacher in London is £14,000 to £36,000 per year, which averages a minimum of at least 200 times increase in the last 146 years. Max Müller was paid £4 per sheet of his writing which comes to £800 of today (1999). This is an incredibly high price for only one sheet of writing. But it’s the general law of business, that the price of a commodity increases with its demand. The British were in such an imperative need to get someone to do this job and Max Müller was the right person, so they paid whatever Max Müller asked for. His enthusiastic letter to his mother dated April 15, 1847 reveals this fact.

Max Müller’s letters dated August 25, 1856 and December 16, 1868 reveal the fact that he was desperate to bring Christianity into India so that the religion of the Hindus should be doomed.
His letters also reveal that he lived in poverty before he was employed by the British and his duplicity in translation was praised by his superiors. In London, where he lived, there were a lot of orientalists working for the British.
To Chevalier Bunsen, 55 St. John Street, Oxford, August 25, 1856, he wrote:
“I should like to live for 10 years quite quietly and learn the language, try to make friends, and then see whether I was fit to take part in a work, by means of which the old mischief of Indian priest craft could be overthrown and the way opened for the entrance of simple Christian teaching. Whatever finds root in India soon overshadows the whole of Asia.”

To the Dean of St. Paul’s (Dr. Milman), Stauton House Bournemouth, February 26, 1867, he wrote:
“I have myself the strongest belief in the growth of Christianity in India. There is no country so ripe for Christianity as India, and yet the difficulties seem enormous.”

(source: The True History and the Religion of India: A Concise Encycloedia of Authentic Hinduism – By Swami Prakashanand Saraswati  p. 268 – 270). For more on Max Muller refer to chapter FirstIndologists and Aryan Invasion Theory)
As Max Mueller, the propagator of the Aryan invasion theory, wrote to his wife,
“It took only 200 years for us to Christianise the whole of Africa, but even after 400 years India eludes us, I have come to realize that it is Sanskrit which has enabled India to do so. And to break it I have decided to learn Sanskrit.”

The soul of India lies in Sanskrit. And Lord Macaulay saw to it that the later generations are successfully cut off from their roots. (source: Assaulting India’s pluralist ethos – by D. Harikumar The Hindu).
TO HIS WIFE, OXFORD, December 9, 1867.
“…I feel convinced, though I shall not live to see it, that this edition of mine and the translation of the Veda will hereafter tell to a great extent on the fate of India, and on the growth of millions of souls in that country. It is the root of their religion, and to show them what that root is, I feel sure, the only way of uprooting all that has sprung from it during the last 3,000 years.”

TO HIS MOTHER, 5 NEWMANS ROW, LINCOLNS INN FIELDSApril 15, 1847.
“I can yet hardly believe that I have at last got what I have struggled for so long… I am to hand over to the Company, ready for press, fifty sheets each year; for this I have asked £200 a year, £4 a sheet. They have been considering the matter since December, and it was only yesterday that it was officially settled.”
“…In fact, I spent a delightful time, and when I reached London yesterday I found all settled, and I could say and feel, Thank God! Now I must at once send my thanks, andset to work to earn the first £100.”

TO CHEVALIER BUNSEN. 55 ST. JOHN STREET, OXFORDAugust 25, 1856.
“India is much riper for Christianity than Rome or Greece were at the time of St. Paul. The rotten tree has for some time had artificial supports… For the good of this struggle I should like to lay down my life, or at least to lend my hand to bring about this struggle. Dhulip Singh is much at Court, and is evidently destined to play a political part in India.”

TO THE DUKE OF ARGYLL. OXFORD,December 16, 1868.
“India has been conquered once, but India must be conquered again, and that second conquest should be a conquest by education. Much has been done for education of late, but if the funds were tripled and quadrupled, that would hardly be enough… A new national literature may spring up, impregnated with western ideas,yet retaining its native spirit and character… A new national literature will bring with it a new national life, and new moral vigour. As to religion, that will take care of itself. The missionaries have done far more than they themselves seem to be aware of.” “The ancient religion of India is doomed, and if Christianity does not step in, whose fault will it be?”

On April 17, 1855, Bunsen wrote to thank Max Müller for an article on his Outlines.
“You have so thoroughly adopted the English disguise that it will not be easy for anyone to suspect you of having written this ‘curious article.’ It especially delights me to see how ingeniously you contrive to say what you announce you do not wish to discuss, i.e. the purport of the theology. In short, we are all of opinion that your cousin was right when she said of you in Paris to Neukomm, that you ought to be in the diplomatic service!”
MaxMuller declared that Hinduism is dead and dying religion, while Christianity is living and vibrant. He said,
”The worship of Shiva or Vishnu and the other popular deities, is of the same, nay, in many cases of a more degraded and savage character than the worship, of Jupiter, Apollo, and Minerva; it belongs to a stratum of thought which is long buried beneath our feet, it may live on like the lion and the tiger but the mere air of free thought and civilized life will extinguish it.’ (Westminster lectures on Missions December 1873)

There is much more to tell. It was on December 1854, the Prussian ambassador Barron Von Bunsen became instrumental in arranging a meeting of the German MaxMuller with the English Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay. Germany and England were not on good terms. The East India Company agreed to pay Pound 200 per annum to Max Muller, the German national, for translation of Vedas and other Hindu scriptures. Then the annual salary of a British teacher was only pound 60. The German Max Muller accepted the offer in the interest of spreading Christianity in India. The company agreed to pay a sum of one lakh only in the way as he writes to his wife in his letter in July 1862. As a truly declared Christian, he writes,
“All I can say is that I have read and heard the worst that can be said against our religion. I mean the true original teachings of the Christ. I feel that I am ready in mind, if not in body, to lay down my life for the truth of his teachings. All our difficulties arise from the doctrine of men and not from his doctrine.”
His friend P.B. Pusey in 1860 wrote to him,
“Your work will form a new era in the efforts of the conversion of India and Oxford will have reason to be thankful that, by giving you a home, it will have facilitated a work of such primary and lasting importance for the conversion of India and which, by enabling us to compare that false religion with the true, illustrates the more than blessedness of what we enjoy.”’(Cradle of Civilization Page 12)
Max Muller in his letter to Bairamji Malwari on 28 Jan. 1882, writes,
“People like Dayanand give undue importance to Vedas. They deduce the meaning which is not in the root. Observe Veda as a historical document only then even the simple thought of the primitives would look pleasant. But to search the source of electricity, magnetism, ethics and philosophy, we have to cut a sorry figure.”
Max Muller set the date of Rig Veda at only 1200 B.C. under Christen faith. The Christian belief current in those days was that the world was created at 9 A.M. on 23rd. October 4004 B.C. Bishop Ussher had declared it as the date of creation. The Holy Bible says that the human race began with Adam and Eve. Since their most direct descendents were among the Semitic tribe, Hebrew had to be the oldest language, then how can the Aryans be the possessors of the oldest culture? As no position is acceptable, lowering their culture, so the Vedic culture has to be of a later date and time. The cause of such facile conclusion and tailored theories, ignoring the facts of available history, was their commitment to Christianity.
There was great opposition among scholars. MaxMuller had to eventually disown the date he had ascribed and had to accept that “he put 1200 B.C. without any evidence whatsoever,” but the date continues still as a benchmark.
Dales, a U.S.A. historian challenged the proposed date and the findings to it. Wheeler, the political appointee of Lord Curzon, the viceroy of India, was quick to retrace but not without a cunning. He amended and said that, “It cannot be proved that the invaders were Aryans. It is also possible that it might be completely wrong to conclude like it but however it is not entirely impossible” (Refer; In Search of Cradle of Civilization page 7-8) Max Muller was changing position regarding the dates of said Invasion. He said,” Whether Vedic hymns were written in 1000, 1500, or 2000 B.C or 3000B.C. no power on earth will ever be able to determine.”
Kenoyer says, ’we have no evidence for new population entering into sub-continent and replacing the indigenous people of the Indus valley” ‘From scholars like Langdon to Ranfrieve, the archaeological investigation accepted India as original homeland of Aryans and disapproved the A.I.T. of Max Muller. Thereafter Gordon Childe and Wheeler indicated that the Aryans may possibly be the invaders. Macoi was doubtful. Wheeler and Norman Brown sided with Max Muller and deliberately distorted the historical basis. Wheeler had to retrace and Childe was hesitant in naming Aryans. From Sir Wheeler to Stuart Piggott, there has been planned attempt to prove the Aryan Invasion theory(AIT).
Max Muller was the master mind behind the Aryan Invasion Theory. He was the highly paid German employee of the East India Company. He intended to safeguard the rights of the foreigners on Indian soil to rule the country. So he planned to deny the Hindus of any political and moral ground to claim independence from the British proving that they too like them were outsiders and invaders .All of them were foreigners and invaders and being immigrants had claim on India. The then Viceroy Lord Curzon said that India had ever been the booty of foreign invaders and the British P.M. said,”We have as much right to be in India as anyone else except perhaps for the depressed class who are the native stock.’ (Koreroed Elst: Political aspects of the A. I. T, Debate page 49)The European political weapon; the A.I.T. questioned the very Aryan identity on their own land of birth. The loyalists and the Macaulay brand Indians began to justify the British presence and called it a reunion with the Aryan cousins
Macaulay was determined to prove his Aryan Invasion Theory. He ignored the significance of Vedas as historical document and declared Vedas as mythology and theology but not as history. It is really strange that Europeans see relevance of history in their Christian scriptures, the Bible and treat Bible as history, the historical situation out of which the Old Testament and the Gospels grew.
Even they set aside the linguistic evidence to prove that the epics bear no historical evidence. These missionary scholars planned further to call these epics as myth and create doubt and confusion even on the existence of Rama and Krishna. We all know that the treatment of myth in the western experience has been negative. !8th. Century Greek and Roman heritage of pre-Christian religious stories; badly distorted and misshaped, were treated as myths. This word was used for all non-Jews and non-Christian cultural stories. On the other hand, the missionary scholars chose to place biblical and Christian stories in the category of history so the stories of Moses and Parting the Red Sea came as history unmindful of any chronological and textual evidences. It is strange that these very assaulters considered Ramayana and Mahabharata as myth despite enough archaeological and textual evidences. What else can we expect of these people who are out to DeHinduize Hindus in their own land? They used the term myth as a powerful weapon to minimize the effect of Hindu way of life; religious literature and sacred stories and to delegitimize the stories told to common folk of illiterate and ignorant people. All ancient seers, Manu, Parashar, Vyasa, Narada, Vashishtha etc. and even Rama and Krishna became mythic and therefore unreal to them. Vedas, Aranyakas, Brahmanas and Mahabharata, Ramayana all ancient literature of value became mythology, traditional narratives involving supernatural or imaginary persons and often embodying popular ideas on natural or social phenomena.
They founded anti-Vedic and pro-Christian societies in order to de-Hinduism and Christianize the De-Hinduized ones. One such was Brahmo Samaj. Max Mullar, in September 1879, said, “There is a religious movement going on in India, the Brahma Samaj, which both in its origin and in its later development is mainly the result of European influences. It began with an attempt to bring the modern corrupt form of worship back to the purity and simplicity of the Vedas; and by ascribing to the Vedas the authority of a Divine revelation, it was hoped to secure that infallible authority without which no religion was supposed to be possible .How was that movement stopped and turned into a new channel? Simply by the publication of the Veda and by work of European scholars, such as Stevenson, Mill, Rosin, Wilson and others, who showed the natives what the Vedas really were and made them see the folly of their way?” Brainwashed isn’t it ?

At the beginning the Samaj followed the chanting of Vedic ruchas in its meetings and accept the infallibility of the Vedas. Raja Ram Mohan Rai was the leading light who cherished Vedic ideals but also wanted some reforms. By 1848, the Vedic utilitarianism was superseded and western influence came in. Feeling of Hinduism faded away and forefathers were not remembered with pride. These people hesitated in mentioning the word “Brahma “even. The names of Hindu sages and seers were neglected. It was believed that since creation, there have never been men so learned as the Europeans. Fortunately there existed a line of thinkers like Dayanand , AryaSamaj, RKMission and Yogi Aurobindo who saved the fall and decline of Hinduism.
Macaulay said, “We must form a class of persons who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern, a class of persons, Indian in blood and color but English in taste, in opinion, in mind and in intellect.”
Fortunately for British and unfortunately for Indians ,the British continued to get such Indian people Indian in blood and color but English in taste, in opinion, in mind and in intellect. Unfortunately for India even after independence Nehru led congress government followed by later congress governments have followed the same mantra as desired by Macaulay a century ago.
The country desperately needs a spiritual revival among the administration and media. Until and unless this is achieved our cultural glory will not be reinstated .
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References:
“The Life and Letters of Friedrich Max Müller.” First published in 1902 (London and N.Y.). Reprint in 1976 (USA).

गुरुवार, 20 सितंबर 2018

THE MYTH OF ARYAN MIGRATION/INVASION -- Shiv Sastry

THE MYTH OF ARYAN MIGRATION/INVASION

  1. What is the Aryan Invasion/Migration myth?
It is about language, not migration. The story is that a technologically superior race called Aryans created a super-language that spread all over Europe and Asia. It is imagined that Aryans originated in an area somewhere between Europe and Asia and fanned out like spokes of a wheel riding on chariots pulled by horses, conquering and imposing their language on Europe and India. Those languages became “Indo-European languages” spoken between Ireland and India.


  1. Why does it matter?

Unfortunately it matters most only to Indians because it erases and discards ancient Indian history. It does nothing to European history and European philologists (historical linguists) and historians have no problem with it. For them it is a minor quibble that is being raised by a bunch of right-wing Hindus


  1. How does AIT affect Indians?

It discards and denies Indian history on many counts. AIT claims that an Indian origin source, the Rig Veda mentions a people called “Aryans” who used to wage wars on chariots driven by horses. This is false.  The adjective “Arya” meaning noble in the Veda has been modified to the noun “Aryan” - to indicate a race of people. The racial connotation has been denied but never erased. It is claimed this race could only have come from Eurasia where horses and chariots have been found in antiquity as compared to the sparse findings of the same in India.


  1. Who created the Aryan Invasion Theory?

AIT/AMT was almost wholly created by European historical linguists (Philologists) who went ahead and wrote an entire history of how a mother language to modern “Indo-European languages” was created somewhere in Eurasia and spread around the old world. Even today archaeology and Indian or Zoroastrian textual evidence is rejected in favour of linguistics constructs.

  1. When is this Aryan Invasion said to have taken place?

This is a critical point, but I will restrict the date to what is stated for India because it is this date which denies all Indian history prior to that date.  The Aryan invasion is said to have taken place between 1500 and 1000 BCE. It cannot be older or more recent because other theories built up by linguists will fail if the date changes. Hence that date is defended like crown jewels.
  1. Why is the 1500-1000 BCE date important for the theory?

For European linguists - it cannot be older than 1500 BCE. In fact if the date goes older than 1800 BCE then it will tear down the “evidence” claimed for the so called ‘Hittite language” and the “Mitanni texts”. It will make Sanskrit (called Indo-Aryan by linguists) older than both those entities and kill the language spread theory. For Indo-European linguists the language spread theory is more important than Indian history. But for Indians, our history is either discarded as fake or compressed into a short 500 years by the theory. If the date is made more recent than 1000 BCE - then the language spread theory by linguists cannot survive. So the 1500 to 1000 BCE dates are critical to them and totally fake for Indians.

  1. Can the Aryan Invasion/Migration theory be shown to be false?

Yes. But this is not a trivial exercise. In 200 years a lot of fake constructs have been made and tens of thousands of pages written in support of a theory essentially cooked up by linguists. I have written a lot on these issues but I will briefly mention the points that are either faked or denied

  1. Did the language that became Sanskrit come to India from somewhere else within the stated period on 1500-1000 BCE?

There is absolutely zero proof for any such language at the point of origin. There is no text, tablet, pottery shard or narrative. The idea that the language started off from some area in Eurasia is completely imaginary. Note that some people nowadays claim that there was a language called Proto Indo-European (PIE) spoken. But PIE is only a hypothetical language. Even linguistics reference texts do not claim that it was a spoken language. Without any proof of the language at the point of origin, it has been claimed that people brought IE language to India.


  1. How can linguists be so stupid as to make a patently false claim? Who is fooling whom?

No. Linguists are not stupid. They claim that there is indirect proof of language. Rig Veda mentions “Horse, wheel and chariot” while there have been archaeological findings of horses, wheel and chariots in the Eurasian steppe. The language was found in India, but the archaeological link to items mentioned in all IE languages have been found in Eurasia. This is claimed as proof that the same language (or its precursor) was present in Eurasia. Incredibly, a mention of horses and chariots in the Rig Veda is equated with graves 4000 km away. This is simply an assumption with zero proof. It is one of the weakest links in the linguists theories, the proverbial “elephant in the room” that basically weakens the current AIT based language spread theory.
  1. But isn’t it true that India did not have horses, chariots and wheels even by the time of the Indus valley civilization?

This is totally false. It is an area where Indians will need to re-educate themselves. Horse bones of the true horse , Equus caballus have been found in Bagor in Rajasthan dating back to 3500 BCE. Horse bones dating well before 1500 BCE have been found in the Indian valley civilization. True horse bones dated to 2000 BCE have been found in UP. Toy wheels on carts and chariots have been found in the Harappan area from 3500 BCE. A complete war chariot from 2000 BCE has been found in Sanauli near Delhi.  The world’s earliest painted images of chariots have been found in central Indian cave art dated back to the late microlithic and early chalcolithic period (2500-1500 BCE). The 1500 BCE Daimabad bronze chariot was found in Maharashtra 2000 km south of the Khyber pass from a time when India was supposed to have no chariots or wheels.

  1. Is there any other positive evidence that the AIT dates are wrong?

Yes. Two more. One is the Saraswati river evidence and the other is in archaeo astronomy

  1. What is the Saraswati river evidence?

An entire book can be written about this. The Vedas and post Veda texts refer to a mighty river situated to the east of the Indus in north-west India. Earlier texts speak of a huge river. Later texts speak of a river that dried up in the desert. The river is said to be the western border of a land called Aryavarta with the Himalayas in the north, Vindhyas in the south and Haridwar in the east. These are clearly Indian landmarks but there is almost no river today (only minor monsoon-fed streams exist). However modern satellite imagery, riverbed-core drilling and paleoclimatological studies have proven that there was just such a mighty river exactly in that area from 10,000 BCE  but which started drying up by 6000 BCE and was pretty much dry by 2000 BCE. It so happens that the IVC/Harappan remains lie along the site of this mighty river, but the Vedic period was probably much earlier.

  1. How can I claim that the Vedic period was much earlier?

The proof lies in Archaeo-astronomical references in ancient Indian texts.  Herman Jacobi (1850-1937) was both a Sanskrit scholar and an astronomer, a unique combination of skills that allowed him to notice, in the Rig Veda, what linguists with no understanding of astronomy, or astronomers with little knowledge of the Vedas could never notice. Jacobi’s serendipitous discovery was a passage in the Rig Veda V.18-19 that described a full moon on the day of the winter solstice in the month of Phalguna. Jacobi correctly dated the event back to a time in the third millennium BCE or earlier. It turns out that another Indian scholar had actually discovered similar references in ancient texts even before Jacobi. In 1893, Bal Gangadhar Tilak had noted a reference in the Rig Veda of the occurrence of the vernal equinox in the constellation Orion, dating the event back to 4,000 BCE. More recently, people like Nilesh Nilakanth Oak have taken this work to new heights by examining every single archaeoastronomical reference in old texts to test for validity against modern astronomical knowledge. Oak is now showing dates that are astonishingly remote, and while the dates may be a topic of some disagreement, they are all older than the rigid 1500-1000  BCE dates demanded by linguists to support their theory via a fake Aryan myth story.

  1. What about genetics?  Hasn’t genetics proven that there were migrations? In fact migrations from steppe around 1500 BCE?

The Aryan Invasion theory is about language movement, not just people movement. It is not enough to show people movement, one must prove language movement.  

There are two important preconditions to make a claim that people from place A took their language to place B and introduced that language for the first time in place B. First there must be incontrovertible evidence that the migrants from place A actually used to speak the language that they took to place B in the prehistoric era that they migrated. Second, there must be evidence that the language they carried with them did not already exist in the "place B" to which they migrated. Anything less is conjecture. Not science.

There is zero evidence of language in steppe or any other area to make the claim that it was brought to India. The horse and chariot ideas have been discredited and disproved.  Any migration carrying IE language to India for the first time has to be shown to have occurred before 2500 BCE because, as mentioned above. there is powerful evidence of IE language having been in India by 2500 BCE and most likely for millennia prior to that. The 1500 BCE date fails on multiple counts and along with it the Aryan migration myth.

  1. Didn’t IE languages spread with Agriculture?

Well, if they did then IE languages  were in India by 8000 BCE because there is firm evidence of Agriculture in Mehrgarh (Pakistan) by 9000 BCE and in UP in India by 8000 BCE.


Shiv Sastry
September 2018

शनिवार, 8 सितंबर 2018

आग्नेय आशियात पसरलेल्या भारतीय संस्कृतीचे पुरावे

अक्षरशः हजारो मंदिरंहजारो शिलालेखहजारो शिल्पंअनेक कागदपत्रंहे सर्व आग्नेय आशियात पसरलेल्या भारतीय संस्कृतीचे पुरावे आहेत.

पणआपलं दुर्दैव इतकंच की आपल्या शाळेत जाणाऱ्या मुलाला कोलंबस माहीत असतोत्याने शोधलेली अमेरिका माहीत असतेअमेरिकेतली शहरं माहीत असतातनेपोलियन माहीत असतोवास्को-डी-गामा ही माहीत असतो. मात्र आपल्याच संस्कृतीला अभिमानाने मिरवणाऱ्या कंबोडियाची राजधानी माहीत नसते..! जावा-सुमात्रायवद्वीपश्रीविजययशवर्मनअंगकोर वाट.....वगैरे शब्द म्हणजे त्यांना ग्रीक किंवा हिब्रू भाषेतले शब्द वाटतात. कारण त्यांना कधी आपल्या विशाल सांस्कृतिक - धार्मिक साम्राज्याबद्दल सांगितलंच जात नाही..!

दक्षिण – पूर्व (म्हणजेच आग्नेय) आशियात आपली भारतीय_संस्कृती आजही ठळकपणे दिसतेजाणवते. मात्र भारतीय संस्कृतीचा प्रभाव या भागावर केंव्हापासून पडायला लागला याबद्दल नक्की माहिती कुठेच उपलब्ध नाही. काही शिलालेखांमधून माहिती मिळते. पण या भागात पहिला भारतीय माणूस केंव्हा आलायाचा पुरावा मिळत नाही.

कंबोडिया....

कंबोडिया हा देशभारतातून जमिनीच्या मार्गेआणि समुद्रातूनही जाता येण्यासारखा देश आहे. भारताच्या पूर्वेला असणारा ब्रम्हदेश. त्याला लागून थायलंड आणि त्याच्या पुढे कंबोडिया. पूर्वी ‘कंबुज’ म्हणून ओळखल्या जाणाऱ्या ह्या देशात भारतीयांचा प्रवेश कसा झाला याबद्दल एक कथा सांगितली जातेजी ह्या भागात बरीच प्रचलित आहे.

इसवी सनाच्या साधारण दोनशे वर्षांपूर्वी कौडिण्य नावाचा एक #भारतीय काही लोकांना घेऊन येथे आला. या ‘शैलराज कौडिण्य’ ला युध्द करायचे नव्हते. तेथील नाग लोकांना याचे फार आश्चर्य वाटले. त्या नाग लोकांची राजकन्या ह्या कौडिण्यच्या प्रेमात पडली. हा कौडिण्य त्या देशाचा जावई झाला. पुढे राजा झाला आणि त्यानेच आपली हिंदू संस्कृती त्या देशाला दिली असे म्हटले जाते. या कौडिण्यने स्थापन केलेल्या राज्याची राजधानी होती – व्याधपूर. या संदर्भात काही #शिलालेख तेथे मिळाले आहेत. " अंगकोरवाट " ह्या जगप्रसिध्द मंदिरात आढळलेल्या शिलालेखावर लिहिलं गेलंय –

कुलासीद भूजगेन्द्र कन्या सोमेती सा वंशकरी पृथिव्याम I
कौडिन्यनाम्ना द्विजपुंगवेन कार्य्यार्थ पत्नीत्व मनायियापी II

चिनी इतिहासकारांनी ह्या कौडिण्य बद्दल बरेच लिहून ठेवले आहे. त्यामुळे ही केवळ काल्पनिक कथा राहत नाही.

कौडिण्यने स्थापन केलेल्या राज्याचे चिनी नाव आहे, #फुनान_साम्राज्य. त्याचे हिंदू नाव उपलब्ध नाही. त्यामुळे जागतिक इतिहासात ते "फुनान साम्राज्यया नावानेच ओळखले जाते. साधारण इसवी सन ६१३ पर्यंत हे फुनान साम्राज्य होते असे उल्लेख सापडले आहेत. या काळातभारतातील अनेक युवक या साम्राज्यात स्थायिक झाले आणि त्यांनी स्थानिक नाग युवतींशी विवाह केले अश्या नोंदी सापडल्या आहेत. याच काळातया भारतीयांनी आपले शेतीतील ज्ञान वापरून या साम्राज्यात कालवे खोदले आणि चांगल्या शेतीने देशात समृध्दी आणली. हे खोदलेले कालवे आजही #कंबोडिया वरून घेतलेल्या उपग्रह चित्रात स्पष्ट दिसतात.साधारण सातव्या शतकाच्या सुरुवातीला या फुनान राजवंशात अराजक निर्माण झाल्याने ‘कंबू’ नावाच्याभारतातून तिथे गेलेल्या क्षत्रियाने शासनाची सूत्रे आपल्या हातात घेतली. तेंव्हापासून हा देश कंबुज म्हणून ओळखला जाऊ लागला. पुढे याचेच ‘कंबोडिया’ झाले. या कंबुज वंशाने तीन/साडेतीन शे वर्षांपर्यंत या देशावर राज्य केले. यांच्याच काळात भववर्मनमहेंद्रवर्मन यांच्यासारखे महापराक्रमी राजे निर्माण झाले.पुढे नवव्या शतकातजयवर्मन(दुसरा) याने 'खमेरसाम्राज्याची स्थापना केली. त्याचा नातू यशवर्मन ने यशोधरपुर नावाची नवीन राजधानी स्थापन केली. याच वंशातील#सम्राट सूर्यवर्मन याने जगातले सर्वात मोठे हिंदू मंदिर,"अंगकोर वाटबांधले.

म्हणजे इसवी सनाच्या पहिल्या शतकापासून ते पुढे हजार / बाराशे वर्षया विशाल साम्राज्यात हिंदू संस्कृती अत्यंत अभिमानाने आणि वैभवाने नांदली,बागडली. भारतापासून दूरह्या देशात सहाशे / सातशे वर्ष #संस्कृत ही#राजभाषा म्हणून मानाने मिरवली. सुमारे एक हजार वर्षवेदांच्या ऋचा ह्या देशात घुमल्या. मोठमोठे यज्ञयाग झाले. भव्य मंदिरं बांधली गेली. उपनिषदं,पुराण, #रामायण, #महाभारत, #गीता हे सर्व पवित्र ग्रंथ येथील प्रत्येक घराचा अविभाज्य भाग झाले. #सामर्थ्यशाली, #वैभवशाली, #ज्ञानशाली असलेलं हे#हिंदूराष्ट्रहजारबाराशे वर्ष सुखा-समाधानाने नांदलं.

मात्र आपण_इतके_करंटेआपल्याला यातलं काहीही कधी कोणी सांगीतलं नाही की शिकवलं नाही..! युरोपच्या लहानलहान देशांचा इतिहास – भूगोल पाठ करणारे आपणआपल्याला आपलाच हा तेजस्वी इतिहास कळू शकला नाही..!!

इंडोनेशिया....

यवद्वीप -
जसं कंबुज देशाबद्दलतसंच यव द्वीपाबद्द्ल. यवद्वीप म्हणजे जावा. आजच्या इंडोनेशियाचा एक भाग. कोणे एके काळी संपूर्ण हिंदू असलेला. अगदी रामायणात आणि ब्रम्हपुराणात उल्लेख असलेलं हे यवद्वीप. येथेही भारतीय नेमके केंव्हापासून आलेयाचा निश्चित इतिहास उपलब्ध नाही. मात्र काही हजार वर्षांपासून येथे हिंदू संस्कृतीचा प्रभाव आहे हे निश्चित. जावा च्या लोकांची ही मान्यता आहे की ‘आजिशक’ ह्या भारतातून आलेल्या #पराक्रमी योद्ध्याने तेथील राक्षस देवतेच्या राजाला मारूनसामर्थ्यशाली राजवंश निर्माण केला.

सुमात्रा -
जसे जावातसेच सुमात्रा. प्राचीन काळात सुवर्णभूमि किंवा सुवर्णद्वीप म्हणून प्रसिध्द असलेला भाग. आजचं इंडोनेशियातलं सर्वात मोठं बेट. या बेटावर साधारण सातव्या शतकापासून ते तेराव्या शतकापर्यंत हिंदूंचे ‘श्रीविजय साम्राज्य’ होते. अत्यंत वैभवशाली आणि संपन्न असलेल्या ह्या साम्राज्याबद्दल आधुनिक जगाला सन १९२० पर्यंत काहीच माहिती नव्हतीहे आपलं फार मोठं दुर्दैव आहे. १९२० मधे एका फ्रेंच संशोधकाने ह्या साम्राज्याची माहिती लोकांसमोर आणली. त्यानंतर मात्र ह्या साम्राज्याकडे लोकांचं लक्ष गेलं आणि बऱ्याच माध्यमातून माहिती समोर येऊ लागली. 

इत्सिंग नावाचा चिनी बौध्द प्रवासीबौध्द धर्माचं अध्ययन करण्यासाठी सातव्या शतकात (इसवी सन ६७१ मधे) भारतातल्या नालंदा येथे जायला निघाला. मात्र तिथे अध्ययन करायचं असेल तर संस्कृत भाषा आवश्यक आहे ही माहिती त्याला होती. म्हणून तो चीनच्या ‘ग्वांझावू’ प्रांतातून निघून श्रीविजय येथे थांबला आणि संस्कृत मधे पारंगत झाला. आपल्या एकूण २५ वर्षांच्या प्रवासातइत्सिंग ने ६ ते ७ वर्ष श्रीविजय साम्राज्यात काढली. या साम्राज्याबद्दल इत्सिंग ने बरंच लिहून ठेवलंय.

श्रीविजय साम्राज्याच्या काळातच त्रिमूर्ति प्रमबनन(‘परब्रम्ह’ चा अपभ्रंश) हे भव्य हिंदू_मंदिरजावा बेटावर इसवी सन ८५० मधे उभे राहिले. #दुर्गादेवी, #गणपती आणि अगस्त्य ऋषींच्या त्रीमूर्ती चे हे मंदिर अत्यंत भव्य असून आजही तिथे व्यवस्थित उपासना चालते..!

जगातील सर्वात जास्त मुस्लीम लोकसंख्या असलेला इंडोनेशिया हा देश आजही अत्यंत अभिमानाने आपल्या हिंदू खुणा मिरवतोय. याचं ‘दीपांतर’ (समुद्रापलीकडला भारत) हे नाव आजही अनेक ठिकाणी प्रचलित आहे. यांच्या नोटांवर(स्थानिक चलनांवर) श्री गणेशाचे चित्र असते. यांच्या विमानसेवेचे नाव ‘गरुडा एयरवेज’ आहे. ते बँकेला कोषागार म्हणू शकतात आणि त्यांच्या ‘बहासा इंडोनेशिया’ या अधिकृत भाषेत सत्तर टक्के संस्कृत शब्द येतात. इंडोनेशियाचे राष्ट्रीय बोधवाक्य ‘भिन्नेका तुंगल इका’ (विविधतेत एकता) हे आहे.

इंडोनेशियातलं बाली द्वीप हे निसर्ग सौदर्यानं नटलेलं विख्यात पर्यटन स्थळ आहे. आजही बाली ची ९०% लोकसंख्या हिंदू आहे आणि हिंदू आचार - विचारांवरच जगतेय. बालीत आढळलेला पहिला हिंदू शिलालेख #ब्राम्ही लिपीत आहे आणि तो इसवी सनाच्या १५० वर्षांपूर्वीचा आहे.

व्हिएतनाम....

व्हिएतनाम या देशाला आपण ओळखतो ते एक कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्रज्याने सत्तर च्या दशकात अमेरिकेसारख्या बलाढ्य राष्ट्राला नमविले. मात्र हे व्हिएतनाम,कोणे एके काळी पूर्ण हिंदू राष्ट्र होतं. या देशाचं नाव तेंव्हा ‘चंपा’ होतं आणि याचे पाच प्रमुख विभाग होते –

1. इंद्रपुर
2. अमरावती (चंपा)
3. विजय (चंपा)
4. कौठर
5. पांडुरंग (चंपा)

इसवी सनाच्या पहिल्या शतकापासून पुढे जवळपास एक हजार वर्ष हा देश हिंदू आचारविचार वागवत समृध्द होत होता. श्री भद्रवर्मनगंगाराज,विजयवर्मनरुद्रवर्मनईशानवर्मन सारख्या महापराक्रमी राजांनी हा देश भरभराटीला आणला. इसवी सनाच्या पाचव्या शतकात सुरुवातीला भद्रवर्मनचा मुलगा गंगाराज याने सिहांसनाचा त्याग करून जीवनाची शेवटची वर्षे भारतात येऊन #गंगा किनारी व्यतीत केली. पुढे पांडुरंग वंशाने बरीच वर्षे राज्य केले.या संपूर्ण कालावधीत, ‘चंपा’ च्या इतिहासातभारतीय संस्कृती खऱ्या अर्थाने राबविली गेली. भारतीय पध्दती प्रमाणे सेनापतीपुरोहितपंडित वगैरे रचना होती. महसूल व्यवस्था ही भारताप्रमाणेच ठेवण्यात आली होती. मंदिरं भव्य नव्हतीपण कलात्मक होती. यज्ञयागअनुष्ठानं मोठ्या प्रमाणात व्हायची. भारतीय ग्रंथपुराण यांना विशेष महत्त्व होतं. या ‘चाम’ संस्कृतीचे काही अवशेष आजही शिल्लक आहेतजे ‘चम’ या नावाने ओळखले जातात. मुळात ही ‘चम’ म्हणजे हिंदू रीतीरिवाज पाळणारी माणसं आहेत. कंबोडिया आणि व्हिएतनाम या दोन देशात ह्या ‘चम’ लोकांना अल्पसंख्यांकांचा दर्जा मिळालेला आहे.

लाओस....

लाओस हा देश ही एकेकाळी हिंदू संस्कृतीला मानणारा देश होता. लाओसच्या इतिहासात पहिल्यांदा उल्लेख होणारा हिंदू राजा होताश्रुतवर्मन. याने वसवलेली राजधानी होतीश्रेष्ठपुर. सर्व हिंदू उत्सव लाओसमधे अत्यंत उत्साहाने आणि भव्यतेने साजरे व्हायचे. आजही लाओस आणि व्हिएतनामकंबोडिया सारख्या शेजारच्या देशांमध्ये हिंदू पद्धतीचे कॅलेंडर चालते. #बुध्दीस्ट कॅलेंडरमधे भारतीय महिने (चैत्रवैशाखजेष्ठआषाढ....) असतात आणि या भागातल्या अनेक देशांमध्ये हे कॅलेंडर चालते.

गंमत म्हणजे आपल्या वर्षप्रतिपदेच्या (गुढीपाडव्याच्या) वेळेसच लाओसचा नवीन वर्षारंभाचा उत्सव असतो आणि संपूर्ण लाओसमध्ये तो अक्षरशः प्रत्येक घरात साजरा केला जातो..!

थायलंड....

पूर्वीचे सयाम म्हणजे आजचे थायलंड. या सयाम देशातही एक अयोध्या (त्यांच्या भाषेत ‘अयुथ्या’) आहे आणि त्यांना तीच मूळ #अयोध्या वाटते. येथे प्रभू रामाचा प्रचंड प्रभाव आज ही आहे. थायलंड चे राजे स्वतः ला रामाचे वंशज म्हणवून घेतात. बँकॉक मधील प्रमुख रस्त्यांच्या नावात सुध्दा ‘राम’ आहे.

सिंगापुर...

सिंगापुरचं मूळ नावच मुळी ‘सिंहपुर’ आहे. स्वतः सिंगापुरकरांनाही याचा सार्थ अभिमान आहे. त्यांच्या अधिकृत गाईड मधे तसा स्पष्ट उल्लेख आहे. पूर्वीच्या सिंहपुरात संस्कृतचा वापर कसा व्हायचा हे ही सिंगापुर सरकार अभिमानाने सांगते. सिंहपुर हे नाव असल्यानेच सिंगापुर ने "सिंहही स्वतःच्या देशाची खुण म्हणून स्वीकारली आहे.
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एकुणात कायतर हा संपूर्ण दक्षिण-पूर्व आशिया सुमारे हजार – बाराशे वर्ष हिंदुत्वाची सूक्तं गात होता. हिंदू पद्धतीनं जीवन यापन करत होता. भव्य आणि कलात्मक मंदिरं उभारत होता. यज्ञ-याग करत होता. देवाला आळवत होता. वेदउपनिषदपुराण यांच्या ऋचांनी आसमंत भारून टाकत होता. जगाला शांततेचे संस्कार देणारी हिंदू आणि बौध्द संस्कृतीत्या सर्व देशांना सुख समाधानानेशांतीने जगायला शिकवत होती..!

या सर्व प्रवासात भारताने आपली वर्णव्यवस्था तिथे नेली नाही. आपली खाद्यसंस्कृती त्या देशांवर लादली नाही. त्या देशांना आपल्या #वसाहती समजल्या नाही. व्यापारासाठी त्या देशांना वेठीला धरलं नाही. तिथल्या लोकांना तुच्छ लेखलं नाही. तिथे कुठेही युध्द करून त्यांना जिंकलं नाही..!

हे सर्व फार महत्वाचं आहेकारण पुढे सहाशे – सातशे वर्षानंतर इंग्रजडच,पोर्तुगीजफ्रेंचस्पेनिश या लोकांनी आशिया खंडात ज्या वसाहती उभारल्या,त्यांत वरील पैकी एकही गोष्ट त्यांनी पाळली नाही..!

आपलं दुर्दैव इतकंचकी ह्या वैभवशालीउदात्त आणि अभिमानास्पद इतिहासाविषयी आम्हाला काहीही माहिती नाही आणि आजवर आपल्या राज्यकर्त्यांनी हा हिंदू इतिहास जनतेला माहिती करून देण्याची इच्छाही दाखवली नाही..!!